It has been considered symbolic of the "breakdown of reasoned discourse" and willingness to resort to violence that eventually led to the Civil War.Īlthough Sumner was unable to return to the Senate until December 1859, the Massachusetts legislature refused to replace him, leaving his empty desk in the Senate as a public reminder of the attack. The beating nearly killed Sumner and contributed significantly to the country's polarization over the issue of slavery. The attack was in retaliation for an invective-laden speech given by Sumner two days earlier in which he fiercely criticized slaveholders, including pro-slavery South Carolina Senator Andrew Butler, a relative of Brooks. The caning of Charles Sumner, or the Brooks–Sumner Affair, occurred on May 22, 1856, in the United States Senate chamber, when Representative Preston Brooks, a pro-slavery Democrat from South Carolina, used a walking cane to attack Senator Charles Sumner, an abolitionist Republican from Massachusetts. FDR electrified the delegates and the public (after being nominated) with these words: "I pledge you, I pledge myself to a new deal for the American people." He won with 472 electoral votes to 59.Retaliation to an anti-slavery speech by Sumnerīrooks fined $300 ($9,770 in today's dollars) The Democratic platform came out more forthrightly than the Republican for repeal of prohibition, assailed the so-called Hoover depression, and promised to not only a balanced budget but sweeping social and economic reforms. The rising star of the Democratic firmament was Governor Franklin Delano Roosevelt of New York. , while halfheartedly promising to repeal national prohibition and return control of liquor to the states. The platform indulged in extravagant praise of Republican antidepression policies. Hoover was renominated by the Republican convention, without great enthusiasm. Hoover may have won the 1928 election by promising "a chicken in every pot," but three years later that chicken seemed to have laid discharge slip in every pay envelope. Voters were in an ugly mood as the presidential campaign of 1932 neared. FDR electrified the delegates and the public (after being nominated) with these words: "I pledge you, I pledge myself to a new deal for the American people." He won with 472 electoral votes to 59.
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